| Content model | <content> <valList type="closed"> <valItem ident="islemma.yes"> <desc/> </valItem> <valItem ident="abbr.yes"> <desc/> </valItem> <valItem ident="poss.yes"> <desc/> </valItem> <valItem ident="reflex.yes"> <desc/> </valItem> <valItem ident="prefix.yes"> <desc/> </valItem> <valItem ident="suffix.yes"> <desc/> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.prs"> <desc>personal pronoun or determiner</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.rcp"> <desc>reciprocal pronoun</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.art"> <desc>Article is a special case of determiner that bears the feature of definiteness </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.int"> <desc>interrogative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.rel"> <desc>relative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.ind"> <desc>indefinite pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.emp"> <desc>Emphatic pro-adjectives (determiners) emphasize the nominal they depend on.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.exc"> <desc>exclamative determiner</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="prontype.dem"> <desc>Demonstrative pronouns are often parallel to interrogatives.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="case.nom"> <desc>nominative</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="case.acc"> <desc>accusative</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="case.dat"> <desc>dative</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="case.gen"> <desc>genitive</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="case.ins"> <desc>instrumental / instructive</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="case.par"> <desc>partitive</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="tense.past"> <desc>past tense</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="tense.pres"> <desc>present tense</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="tense.fut"> <desc>future tense</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="voice.act"> <desc>The subject of the verb is the doer of the action (agent).</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="voice.pass"> <desc>The subject of the verb is affected by the action (patient).</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="number.sing"> <desc>A singular noun denotes one person, animal or thing.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="number.plur"> <desc>A plural noun denotes several persons, animals or things.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="number.ptan"> <desc>Plurale tantum, some nouns appear only in the plural form even though they denote one thing. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="number.coll"> <desc>Collective or mass or singulare tantum applies to words that use grammatical singular to describe sets of objects. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="person.first"> <desc>The first person refers just to the speaker / author and in plural one or more additional persons. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="person.second"> <desc>The second person refers to the addressee(s).</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="person.third"> <desc>The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="verbtype.mod"> <desc>Verbs that take infinitive of another verb as argument and add various modes of possibility, necessity etc. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="verbtype.tense"> <desc>Verb used to create periphrastic verb forms (tenses, passives etc.).</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="verbform.inf"> <desc>Infinitive is the citation form of verbs in many languages.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="verbform.part"> <desc>Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="verbform.ger"> <desc>Gerund is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and nouns.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="verbform.conv"> <desc>The converb, also called adverbial participle or transgressive, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="polite.infm"> <desc>usually meant for communication with family members and close friends.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="polite.form"> <desc>usually meant for communication with strangers and people of higher social status. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="numtype.ord"> <desc>ordinal number (first, second,..)</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="numtype.card"> <desc>cardinal number (one, two, many,....)</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="degree.cmp"> <desc>comparative, second degree</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="degree.sup"> <desc>superlative, third degree</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="mood.imp"> <desc>The speaker uses imperative to order or ask the addressee to do the action of the verb. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="mood.sub"> <desc>The subjunctive mood is used under certain circumstances in subordinate clauses, typically for actions that are subjective or otherwise uncertain. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="mood.ind"> <desc>A verb in indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="gender.masc"> <desc>masculine gender</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="gender.fem"> <desc>feminine gender</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="gender.neut"> <desc>neuter gender</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="gender.com"> <desc>Some languages do not distinguish masculine/feminine but they do distinguish neuter vs. non-neuter. The non-neuter is called common gender. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pronoun.drop"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. pronoun drop, omission of pronouns because they can be infered </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pronoun.clitic"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. pronoun clitic, most personal pronouns have a clitic form, which is the result of either vowel deletion, vowel reduction, monophthongization or schwa deletion, while there are also cases of suppletion. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="diminutive.dim"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. diminutive</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="inflection.infl"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. inflected</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="inflection.uninf"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. uninflected</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="valency.mtran"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. a monotransitive verb takes two arguments (of which one object) </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="valency.tran"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. a transitive verb requires one or more objects </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="valency.intran"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. an intransitive verb takes one argument (no object) </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="valency.ditran"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. a ditransitive verb takes three arguments (of which a direct and an indirect object) </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="construction.attr"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. attributive</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="convertedfrom.adj"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. adjective used as another category</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="convertedfrom.adv"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. adverb used as another category</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="convertedfrom.ver"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. verb used as another category</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="convertedfrom.num"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. numeral used as another category</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="convertedfrom.pro"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. pronomen used as another category</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="convertedfrom.part"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. verbform part used as another category</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="predicate.pred"> <desc>Not in universaldependencies. statement about the subject</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.adj"> <desc>Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.adp"> <desc>Adposition is a cover term for prepositions and postpositions.</desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.adv"> <desc>Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.aux"> <desc>An auxiliary is a function word that accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense, mood, aspect, voice or evidentiality. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.cconj"> <desc>A coordinating conjunction is a word that links words or larger constituents without syntactically subordinating one to the other and expresses a semantic relationship between them. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.det"> <desc>Determiners are words that modify nouns or noun phrases and express the reference of the noun phrase in context. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.intj"> <desc>An interjection is a word that is used most often as an exclamation or part of an exclamation. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.noun"> <desc>Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.num"> <desc>A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.part"> <desc>Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.pron"> <desc>Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.propn"> <desc>A proper noun is a noun (or nominal content word) that is the name (or part of the name) of a specific individual, place, or object. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.punct"> <desc>Punctuation marks are non-alphabetical characters and character groups used in many languages to delimit linguistic units in printed text. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.sconj"> <desc>A subordinating conjunction is a conjunction that links constructions by making one of them a constituent of the other. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.sym"> <desc>A symbol is a word-like entity that differs from ordinary words by form, function, or both. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.verb"> <desc>A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions. </desc> </valItem> <valItem ident="pos.x"> <desc>The tag X is used for words that for some reason cannot be assigned a real part-of-speech category. </desc> </valItem> </valList> </content> Legal values are:- islemma.yes
- abbr.yes
- poss.yes
- reflex.yes
- prefix.yes
- suffix.yes
- prontype.prs
- personal pronoun or determiner
- prontype.rcp
- reciprocal pronoun
- prontype.art
- Article is a special case of determiner that bears the feature of definiteness
- prontype.int
- interrogative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
- prontype.rel
- relative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
- prontype.ind
- indefinite pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
- prontype.emp
- Emphatic pro-adjectives (determiners) emphasize the nominal they depend on.
- prontype.exc
- exclamative determiner
- prontype.dem
- Demonstrative pronouns are often parallel to interrogatives.
- case.nom
- nominative
- case.acc
- accusative
- case.dat
- dative
- case.gen
- genitive
- case.ins
- instrumental / instructive
- case.par
- partitive
- tense.past
- past tense
- tense.pres
- present tense
- tense.fut
- future tense
- voice.act
- The subject of the verb is the doer of the action (agent).
- voice.pass
- The subject of the verb is affected by the action (patient).
- number.sing
- A singular noun denotes one person, animal or thing.
- number.plur
- A plural noun denotes several persons, animals or things.
- number.ptan
- Plurale tantum, some nouns appear only in the plural form even though they denote one thing.
- number.coll
- Collective or mass or singulare tantum applies to words that use grammatical singular to describe sets of objects.
- person.first
- The first person refers just to the speaker / author and in plural one or more additional persons.
- person.second
- The second person refers to the addressee(s).
- person.third
- The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.
- verbtype.mod
- Verbs that take infinitive of another verb as argument and add various modes of possibility, necessity etc.
- verbtype.tense
- Verb used to create periphrastic verb forms (tenses, passives etc.).
- verbform.inf
- Infinitive is the citation form of verbs in many languages.
- verbform.part
- Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives.
- verbform.ger
- Gerund is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and nouns.
- verbform.conv
- The converb, also called adverbial participle or transgressive, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs.
- polite.infm
- usually meant for communication with family members and close friends.
- polite.form
- usually meant for communication with strangers and people of higher social status.
- numtype.ord
- ordinal number (first, second,..)
- numtype.card
- cardinal number (one, two, many,....)
- degree.cmp
- comparative, second degree
- degree.sup
- superlative, third degree
- mood.imp
- The speaker uses imperative to order or ask the addressee to do the action of the verb.
- mood.sub
- The subjunctive mood is used under certain circumstances in subordinate clauses, typically for actions that are subjective or otherwise uncertain.
- mood.ind
- A verb in indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen.
- gender.masc
- masculine gender
- gender.fem
- feminine gender
- gender.neut
- neuter gender
- gender.com
- Some languages do not distinguish masculine/feminine but they do distinguish neuter vs. non-neuter. The non-neuter is called common gender.
- pronoun.drop
- Not in universaldependencies. pronoun drop, omission of pronouns because they can be infered
- pronoun.clitic
- Not in universaldependencies. pronoun clitic, most personal pronouns have a clitic form, which is the result of either vowel deletion, vowel reduction, monophthongization or schwa deletion, while there are also cases of suppletion.
- diminutive.dim
- Not in universaldependencies. diminutive
- inflection.infl
- Not in universaldependencies. inflected
- inflection.uninf
- Not in universaldependencies. uninflected
- valency.mtran
- Not in universaldependencies. a monotransitive verb takes two arguments (of which one object)
- valency.tran
- Not in universaldependencies. a transitive verb requires one or more objects
- valency.intran
- Not in universaldependencies. an intransitive verb takes one argument (no object)
- valency.ditran
- Not in universaldependencies. a ditransitive verb takes three arguments (of which a direct and an indirect object)
- construction.attr
- Not in universaldependencies. attributive
- convertedfrom.adj
- Not in universaldependencies. adjective used as another category
- convertedfrom.adv
- Not in universaldependencies. adverb used as another category
- convertedfrom.ver
- Not in universaldependencies. verb used as another category
- convertedfrom.num
- Not in universaldependencies. numeral used as another category
- convertedfrom.pro
- Not in universaldependencies. pronomen used as another category
- convertedfrom.part
- Not in universaldependencies. verbform part used as another category
- predicate.pred
- Not in universaldependencies. statement about the subject
- pos.adj
- Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes.
- pos.adp
- Adposition is a cover term for prepositions and postpositions.
- pos.adv
- Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner.
- pos.aux
- An auxiliary is a function word that accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense, mood, aspect, voice or evidentiality.
- pos.cconj
- A coordinating conjunction is a word that links words or larger constituents without syntactically subordinating one to the other and expresses a semantic relationship between them.
- pos.det
- Determiners are words that modify nouns or noun phrases and express the reference of the noun phrase in context.
- pos.intj
- An interjection is a word that is used most often as an exclamation or part of an exclamation.
- pos.noun
- Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea.
- pos.num
- A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction.
- pos.part
- Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech.
- pos.pron
- Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.
- pos.propn
- A proper noun is a noun (or nominal content word) that is the name (or part of the name) of a specific individual, place, or object.
- pos.punct
- Punctuation marks are non-alphabetical characters and character groups used in many languages to delimit linguistic units in printed text.
- pos.sconj
- A subordinating conjunction is a conjunction that links constructions by making one of them a constituent of the other.
- pos.sym
- A symbol is a word-like entity that differs from ordinary words by form, function, or both.
- pos.verb
- A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions.
- pos.x
- The tag X is used for words that for some reason cannot be assigned a real part-of-speech category.
|
| Schema Declaration |
element gram
{
"islemma.yes"
| "abbr.yes"
| "poss.yes"
| "reflex.yes"
| "prefix.yes"
| "suffix.yes"
| "prontype.prs"
| "prontype.rcp"
| "prontype.art"
| "prontype.int"
| "prontype.rel"
| "prontype.ind"
| "prontype.emp"
| "prontype.exc"
| "prontype.dem"
| "case.nom"
| "case.acc"
| "case.dat"
| "case.gen"
| "case.ins"
| "case.par"
| "tense.past"
| "tense.pres"
| "tense.fut"
| "voice.act"
| "voice.pass"
| "number.sing"
| "number.plur"
| "number.ptan"
| "number.coll"
| "person.first"
| "person.second"
| "person.third"
| "verbtype.mod"
| "verbtype.tense"
| "verbform.inf"
| "verbform.part"
| "verbform.ger"
| "verbform.conv"
| "polite.infm"
| "polite.form"
| "numtype.ord"
| "numtype.card"
| "degree.cmp"
| "degree.sup"
| "mood.imp"
| "mood.sub"
| "mood.ind"
| "gender.masc"
| "gender.fem"
| "gender.neut"
| "gender.com"
| "pronoun.drop"
| "pronoun.clitic"
| "diminutive.dim"
| "inflection.infl"
| "inflection.uninf"
| "valency.mtran"
| "valency.tran"
| "valency.intran"
| "valency.ditran"
| "construction.attr"
| "convertedfrom.adj"
| "convertedfrom.adv"
| "convertedfrom.ver"
| "convertedfrom.num"
| "convertedfrom.pro"
| "convertedfrom.part"
| "predicate.pred"
| "pos.adj"
| "pos.adp"
| "pos.adv"
| "pos.aux"
| "pos.cconj"
| "pos.det"
| "pos.intj"
| "pos.noun"
| "pos.num"
| "pos.part"
| "pos.pron"
| "pos.propn"
| "pos.punct"
| "pos.sconj"
| "pos.sym"
| "pos.verb"
| "pos.x"
}Legal values are:- islemma.yes
- abbr.yes
- poss.yes
- reflex.yes
- prefix.yes
- suffix.yes
- prontype.prs
- personal pronoun or determiner
- prontype.rcp
- reciprocal pronoun
- prontype.art
- Article is a special case of determiner that bears the feature of definiteness
- prontype.int
- interrogative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
- prontype.rel
- relative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
- prontype.ind
- indefinite pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
- prontype.emp
- Emphatic pro-adjectives (determiners) emphasize the nominal they depend on.
- prontype.exc
- exclamative determiner
- prontype.dem
- Demonstrative pronouns are often parallel to interrogatives.
- case.nom
- nominative
- case.acc
- accusative
- case.dat
- dative
- case.gen
- genitive
- case.ins
- instrumental / instructive
- case.par
- partitive
- tense.past
- past tense
- tense.pres
- present tense
- tense.fut
- future tense
- voice.act
- The subject of the verb is the doer of the action (agent).
- voice.pass
- The subject of the verb is affected by the action (patient).
- number.sing
- A singular noun denotes one person, animal or thing.
- number.plur
- A plural noun denotes several persons, animals or things.
- number.ptan
- Plurale tantum, some nouns appear only in the plural form even though they denote one thing.
- number.coll
- Collective or mass or singulare tantum applies to words that use grammatical singular to describe sets of objects.
- person.first
- The first person refers just to the speaker / author and in plural one or more additional persons.
- person.second
- The second person refers to the addressee(s).
- person.third
- The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.
- verbtype.mod
- Verbs that take infinitive of another verb as argument and add various modes of possibility, necessity etc.
- verbtype.tense
- Verb used to create periphrastic verb forms (tenses, passives etc.).
- verbform.inf
- Infinitive is the citation form of verbs in many languages.
- verbform.part
- Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives.
- verbform.ger
- Gerund is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and nouns.
- verbform.conv
- The converb, also called adverbial participle or transgressive, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs.
- polite.infm
- usually meant for communication with family members and close friends.
- polite.form
- usually meant for communication with strangers and people of higher social status.
- numtype.ord
- ordinal number (first, second,..)
- numtype.card
- cardinal number (one, two, many,....)
- degree.cmp
- comparative, second degree
- degree.sup
- superlative, third degree
- mood.imp
- The speaker uses imperative to order or ask the addressee to do the action of the verb.
- mood.sub
- The subjunctive mood is used under certain circumstances in subordinate clauses, typically for actions that are subjective or otherwise uncertain.
- mood.ind
- A verb in indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen.
- gender.masc
- masculine gender
- gender.fem
- feminine gender
- gender.neut
- neuter gender
- gender.com
- Some languages do not distinguish masculine/feminine but they do distinguish neuter vs. non-neuter. The non-neuter is called common gender.
- pronoun.drop
- Not in universaldependencies. pronoun drop, omission of pronouns because they can be infered
- pronoun.clitic
- Not in universaldependencies. pronoun clitic, most personal pronouns have a clitic form, which is the result of either vowel deletion, vowel reduction, monophthongization or schwa deletion, while there are also cases of suppletion.
- diminutive.dim
- Not in universaldependencies. diminutive
- inflection.infl
- Not in universaldependencies. inflected
- inflection.uninf
- Not in universaldependencies. uninflected
- valency.mtran
- Not in universaldependencies. a monotransitive verb takes two arguments (of which one object)
- valency.tran
- Not in universaldependencies. a transitive verb requires one or more objects
- valency.intran
- Not in universaldependencies. an intransitive verb takes one argument (no object)
- valency.ditran
- Not in universaldependencies. a ditransitive verb takes three arguments (of which a direct and an indirect object)
- construction.attr
- Not in universaldependencies. attributive
- convertedfrom.adj
- Not in universaldependencies. adjective used as another category
- convertedfrom.adv
- Not in universaldependencies. adverb used as another category
- convertedfrom.ver
- Not in universaldependencies. verb used as another category
- convertedfrom.num
- Not in universaldependencies. numeral used as another category
- convertedfrom.pro
- Not in universaldependencies. pronomen used as another category
- convertedfrom.part
- Not in universaldependencies. verbform part used as another category
- predicate.pred
- Not in universaldependencies. statement about the subject
- pos.adj
- Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes.
- pos.adp
- Adposition is a cover term for prepositions and postpositions.
- pos.adv
- Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner.
- pos.aux
- An auxiliary is a function word that accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense, mood, aspect, voice or evidentiality.
- pos.cconj
- A coordinating conjunction is a word that links words or larger constituents without syntactically subordinating one to the other and expresses a semantic relationship between them.
- pos.det
- Determiners are words that modify nouns or noun phrases and express the reference of the noun phrase in context.
- pos.intj
- An interjection is a word that is used most often as an exclamation or part of an exclamation.
- pos.noun
- Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea.
- pos.num
- A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction.
- pos.part
- Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech.
- pos.pron
- Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.
- pos.propn
- A proper noun is a noun (or nominal content word) that is the name (or part of the name) of a specific individual, place, or object.
- pos.punct
- Punctuation marks are non-alphabetical characters and character groups used in many languages to delimit linguistic units in printed text.
- pos.sconj
- A subordinating conjunction is a conjunction that links constructions by making one of them a constituent of the other.
- pos.sym
- A symbol is a word-like entity that differs from ordinary words by form, function, or both.
- pos.verb
- A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions.
- pos.x
- The tag X is used for words that for some reason cannot be assigned a real part-of-speech category.
|