# Pitfalls of sharing a connection among threads

Here is a review of the potential pitfalls of sharing a single Connection among multiple threads.

- Committing or rolling back a transaction closes all open ResultSet objects and currently executing Statements, unless you are using held cursors.

  If one thread commits, it closes the Statements and ResultSets of all other threads using the same connection.

- Executing a Statement automatically closes any existing open ResultSet generated by an earlier execution of that Statement.

  If threads share Statements, one thread could close another's ResultSet.

In many cases, it is easier to assign each thread to a distinct Connection. If thread A does database work that is not transactionally related to thread B, assign them to different Connections. For example, if thread A is associated with a user input window that allows users to delete hotels and thread B is associated with a user window that allows users to view city information, assign those threads to different Connections. That way, when thread A commits, it does not affect any ResultSets or Statements of thread B.

Another strategy is to have one thread do queries and another thread do updates. Queries hold shared locks until the transaction commits in SERIALIZABLE isolation mode; use READ_COMMITTED instead.

Yet another strategy is to have only one thread do database access. Have other threads get information from the database access thread.

Multiple threads are permitted to share a Connection, Statement, or ResultSet. However, the application programmer must ensure that one thread does not affect the behavior of the others.

## Recommended Practices

Here are some tips for avoiding unexpected behavior:

- Avoid sharing Statements (and their `ResultSets`) among threads.
- Each time a thread executes a Statement, it should process the results before relinquishing the `Connection`.
- Each time a thread accesses the Connection, it should consistently commit or not, depending on application protocol.
- Have one thread be the "managing" database Connection thread that should handle the higher-level tasks, such as establishing the `Connection`, committing, rolling back, changing `Connection` properties such as auto-commit, closing the `Connection`, shutting down the database (in an embedded environment), and so on.
- Close ResultSets and `Statements` that are no longer needed in order to release resources.

Parent topic: Working with multiple threads sharing a single connection
Related concepts
Multi-thread programming tips
Related reference
Example of threads sharing a statement