
:guide-id: keycloak-truststore
:guide-title: Configuring trusted certificates
:guide-summary: How to configure the {project_name} Truststore to communicate through TLS.
:guide-priority: 999
:guide-tile-visible: true
:version: 26.2.2

include::../attributes.adoc[]

[[keycloak-truststore]]
= Configuring trusted certificates

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When {project_name} communicates with external services or has an incoming connection through TLS, it has to validate the remote certificate in order to ensure it is connecting to a trusted server. This is necessary in order to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.

The certificates of these clients or servers, or the CA that signed these certificates, must be put in a truststore. This truststore is then configured for use by {project_name}.

== Configuring the System Truststore

The existing Java default truststore certs will always be trusted.  If you need additional certificates, which will be the case if you have self-signed or internal certificate authorities that are not recognized by the JRE, they can be included in the `conf/truststores` directory or subdirectories.  The certs may be in PEM files, or PKCS12 files with extension `.p12`, `.pfx`, or `.pkcs12`.  If in PKCS12, the certs must be unencrypted - meaning no password is expected.

If you need an alternative path, use the `--truststore-paths` option to specify additional files or directories where PEM or PKCS12 files are located. Paths are relative to where you launched {project_name}, so absolute paths are recommended instead. If a directory is specified, it will be recursively scanned for truststore files.

After all applicable certs are included, the truststore will be used as the system default truststore via the `javax.net.ssl` properties, and as the default for internal usage within {project_name}.  

For example:

[source,bash]
----
bin/kc.[sh|bat] start --truststore-paths=/opt/truststore/myTrustStore.pfx,/opt/other-truststore/myOtherTrustStore.pem
----

It is still possible to directly set your own `javax.net.ssl` truststore System properties, but it's recommended to use the `--truststore-paths` instead.

== Hostname Verification Policy

You may refine how hostnames are verified by TLS connections with the `tls-hostname-verifier` property.

* `DEFAULT` (the default) allows wildcards in subdomain names (e.g. *.foo.com) to match names with the same number of levels (e.g. a.foo.com, but not a.b.foo.com) - with rules and exclusions for public suffixes based upon https://publicsuffix.org/list/
* `ANY` means that the hostname is not verified - this mode should not be used in production.
* `WILDCARD` (deprecated) allows wildcards in subdomain names (e.g. *.foo.com) to match anything, including multiple levels (e.g. a.b.foo.com). Use DEFAULT instead.
* `STRICT` (deprecated) allows wildcards in subdomain names (e.g. *.foo.com) to match names with the same number of levels (e.g. a.foo.com, but not a.b.foo.com) - with some limited exclusions. Use DEFAULT instead.
+
Please note that this setting does not apply to LDAP secure connections, which require strict hostname checking.


== Relevant options

[cols="12a,4",role="options"]
|===
| |Value

|
[.options-key]#``tls-hostname-verifier``# 

[.options-description]#The TLS hostname verification policy for out-going HTTPS and SMTP requests.#

[role="options-extended"]
--
[.options-description-extended]#ANY should not be used in production.#

*CLI:* `--tls-hostname-verifier` +
*Env:* `KC_TLS_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER`
--


STRICT and WILDCARD have been deprecated, use DEFAULT instead.
*Deprecated values: `+STRICT+`, `+WILDCARD+`*

|
`+ANY+`, `+WILDCARD+` (deprecated), `+STRICT+` (deprecated), `+DEFAULT+` (default)

|
[.options-key]#``truststore-paths``# 

[.options-description]#List of pkcs12 (p12, pfx, or pkcs12 file extensions), PEM files, or directories containing those files that will be used as a system truststore.#

[role="options-extended"]
--


*CLI:* `--truststore-paths` +
*Env:* `KC_TRUSTSTORE_PATHS`
--



|


|===
