Grid system

Bootstrap includes a responsive, mobile first fluid grid system that appropriately scales up to 12 columns as the device or viewport size increases. It includes predefined classes for easy layout options, as well as powerful mixins for generating more semantic layouts.

Introduction

Grid systems are used for creating page layouts through a series of rows and columns that house your content. Here's how the Bootstrap grid system works:

• Rows must be placed within a .container (fixed-width) or .container-fluid (full-width) for proper alignment and padding.
• Use rows to create horizontal groups of columns.
• Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows.
• Predefined grid classes like .row and .col-xs-4 are available for quickly making grid layouts. Less mixins can also be used for more semantic layouts.
• Columns create gutters (gaps between column content) via padding. That padding is offset in rows for the first and last column via negative margin on .rows.
• The negative margin is why the examples below are outdented. It's so that content within grid columns is lined up with non-grid content.
• Grid columns are created by specifying the number of twelve available columns you wish to span. For example, three equal columns would use three .col-xs-4.
• If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.
• Grid classes apply to devices with screen widths greater than or equal to the breakpoint sizes, and override grid classes targeted at smaller devices. Therefore, e.g. applying any .col-md-* class to an element will not only affect its styling on medium devices but also on large devices if a .col-lg-* class is not present.

Look to the examples for applying these principles to your code.

Media queries

We use the following media queries in our Less files to create the key breakpoints in our grid system.

{% highlight scss %} /* Extra small devices (phones, less than 576px) */ /* No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap */ /* Small devices (phablets, 576px and up) */ @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) { ... } /* Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up) */ @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) { ... } /* Large devices (desktops, 992px and up) */ @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) { ... } /* Extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) */ @media (min-width: @screen-xl-min) { ... } {% endhighlight %}

We occasionally expand on these media queries to include a max-width to limit CSS to a narrower set of devices.

{% highlight scss %} @media (max-width: @screen-xs-max) { ... } @media (min-width: @screen-sm-min) and (max-width: @screen-sm-max) { ... } @media (min-width: @screen-md-min) and (max-width: @screen-md-max) { ... } @media (min-width: @screen-lg-min) and (max-width: @screen-lg-max) { ... } @media (min-width: @screen-xl-min) { ... } {% endhighlight %}

Grid options

See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table.

Example: Stacked-to-horizontal

Using a single set of .col-md-* grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices and tablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices. Place grid columns in any .row.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Example: Fluid container

Turn any fixed-width grid layout into a full-width layout by changing your outermost .container to .container-fluid.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Example: Mobile and desktop

Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding .col-xs-* .col-md-* to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Example: Mobile, tablet, desktop

Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts with tablet .col-sm-* classes.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Example: Column wrapping

If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Equal height columns

If you want the columns of your grid to have the same height, add the .row-equal-height modifier.

This can be used to match the height of nested containers, or to control the behaviour of columns that wrap to a new line.

Equal height columns use flexbox which is not supported in earlier versions of some browsers.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Responsive column resets

With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a .clearfix and our responsive utility classes.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to reset offsets, pushes, or pulls. See this in action in the grid example.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Offsetting columns

Move columns to the right using .col-md-offset-* classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by * columns. For example, .col-md-offset-4 moves .col-md-4 over four columns.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Nesting columns

To nest your content with the default grid, add a new .row and set of .col-sm-* columns within an existing .col-sm-* column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12 or fewer (it is not required that you use all 12 available columns).

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}

Column ordering

Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with .col-md-push-* and .col-md-pull-* modifier classes.

{% highlight html %} {% endhighlight %}