org.xipki.util

Class Base64

java.lang.Object

org.xipki.util.Base64

public class Base64
extends Object

A very fast and memory efficient class to encode and decode to and from BASE64 in full accordance with RFC 2045.

On Windows XP sp1 with 1.4.2_04 and later ;), this encoder and decoder is about 10 times faster on small arrays (10 - 1000 bytes) and 2-3 times as fast on larger arrays (10000 - 1000000 bytes) compared to sun.misc.Encoder()/Decoder().

On byte arrays the encoder is about 20% faster than Jakarta Commons Base64 Codec for encode and about 50% faster for decoding large arrays. This implementation is about twice as fast on very small arrays (less than 30 bytes). If source/destination is a String this version is about three times as fast due to the fact that the Commons Codec result has to be recoded to a String from byte[], which is very expensive.

This encode/decode algorithm doesn't create any temporary arrays as many other codecs do, it only allocates the resulting array. This produces less garbage and it is possible to handle arrays twice as large as algorithms that create a temporary array. (E.g. Jakarta Commons Codec). It is unknown whether Sun's sun.misc.Encoder()/Decoder() produce temporary arrays but since performance is quite low it probably does.

The encoder produces the same output as the Sun one except that the Sun's encoder appends a trailing line separator if the last character isn't a pad. Unclear why but it only adds to the length and is probably a side effect. Both are in conformance with RFC 2045 though.
Commons codec seem to always att a trailing line separator.

Note! The encode/decode method pairs (types) come in three versions with the exact same algorithm and thus a lot of code redundancy. This is to not create any temporary arrays for transcoding to/from different format types. The methods not used can simply be commented out.

There is also a "fast" version of all decode methods that works the same way as the normal ones, but har a few demands on the decoded input. Normally though, these fast verions should be used if the source if the input is known and it hasn't bee tampered with.

If you find the code useful or you find a bug, please send me a note at base64 @ miginfocom.com.

Licence (BSD):

Copyright (c) 2004, Mikael Grev, MiG InfoCom AB. (base64 @ miginfocom . com) All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. Neither the name of the MiG InfoCom AB nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Version:

2.2

Author:

Mikael Grev Date: 2004-aug-02 Time: 11:31:11

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor and Description
Base64()

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
static boolean	containsOnlyBase64Chars(byte[] bytes, int offset, int len)
static byte[]	decode(byte[] sArr) Decodes a BASE64 encoded byte array.
static byte[]	decode(char[] sArr) Decodes a BASE64 encoded char array.
static byte[]	decode(String str) Decodes a BASE64 encoded String.
static byte[]	decodeFast(byte[] sArr) Decodes a BASE64 encoded byte array that is known to be reasonably well formatted.
static byte[]	decodeFast(char[] sArr) Decodes a BASE64 encoded char array that is known to be resonably well formatted.
static byte[]	decodeFast(String s) Decodes a BASE64 encoded string that is known to be resonably well formatted.
static byte[]	encodeToByte(byte[] sArr) The same #encodeToByte(byte[], false)}.
static byte[]	encodeToByte(byte[] sArr, boolean lineSep) Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 byte[] representation in accordance with RFC 2045.
static char[]	encodeToChar(byte[] sArr) The same as encodeToChar(byte[], false)
static char[]	encodeToChar(byte[] sArr, boolean lineSep) Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 char[] representation i accordance with RFC 2045.
static byte[]	encodeToPemByte(byte[] sArr) Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 byte[] representation in accordance with RFC 2045, and with line 64 characters per line.
static String	encodeToString(byte[] sArr) The same as encodeToString(byte[], false).
static String	encodeToString(byte[] sArr, boolean lineSep) Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 String representation i accordance with RFC 2045.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail

Base64

public Base64()

Method Detail

containsOnlyBase64Chars

public static boolean containsOnlyBase64Chars(byte[] bytes,
                                              int offset,
                                              int len)

encodeToChar

public static char[] encodeToChar(byte[] sArr)

The same as encodeToChar(byte[], false)

Parameters:

sArr - The bytes to convert. If null or length 0, an empty array will be returned.

Returns:

A BASE64 encoded array without line separator.

encodeToChar

public static char[] encodeToChar(byte[] sArr,
                                  boolean lineSep)

Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 char[] representation i accordance with RFC 2045.

Parameters:

sArr - The bytes to convert. If null or length 0 an empty array will be returned.

lineSep - Optional "\r\n" after 76 characters, unless end of file.
No line separator will be in breach of RFC 2045 which specifies max 76 per line but will be a little faster.

Returns:

A BASE64 encoded array. Never null.

decode

public static byte[] decode(char[] sArr)

Decodes a BASE64 encoded char array. All illegal characters will be ignored and can handle both arrays with and without line separators.

Parameters:

sArr - The source array. null or length 0 will return an empty array.

Returns:

The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - If the legal characters (including '=') isn't divideable by 4. (I.e. definitely corrupted).

decodeFast

public static byte[] decodeFast(char[] sArr)

Decodes a BASE64 encoded char array that is known to be resonably well formatted. The method is about twice as fast as decode(char[]). The preconditions are:
+ The array must have a line length of 76 chars OR no line separators at all (one line).
+ Line separator must be "\r\n", as specified in RFC 2045 + The array may not contain illegal characters within the encoded string
+ The array CAN have illegal characters at the beginning and end, those will be dealt with appropriately.

Parameters:

sArr - The source array. Length 0 will return an empty array. null will throw an exception.

Returns:

The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0.

encodeToByte

public static byte[] encodeToByte(byte[] sArr)

The same #encodeToByte(byte[], false)}.

Parameters:

sArr - The bytes to convert. If null or length 0 an empty array will be returned.

Returns:

A BASE64 encoded array without line separator. Never null.

encodeToPemByte

public static byte[] encodeToPemByte(byte[] sArr)

Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 byte[] representation in accordance with RFC 2045, and with line 64 characters per line.

Parameters:

sArr - The bytes to convert. If null or length 0 an empty array will be returned.

Returns:

A BASE64 encoded array. Never null.

encodeToByte

public static byte[] encodeToByte(byte[] sArr,
                                  boolean lineSep)

Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 byte[] representation in accordance with RFC 2045.

Parameters:

sArr - The bytes to convert. If null or length 0 an empty array will be returned.

lineSep - Optional "\r\n" after 76 characters, unless end of file.
No line separator will be in breach of RFC 2045 which specifies max 76 per line but will be a little faster.

Returns:

A BASE64 encoded array. Never null.

decode

public static byte[] decode(byte[] sArr)

Decodes a BASE64 encoded byte array. All illegal characters will be ignored and can handle both arrays with and without line separators.

Parameters:

sArr - The source array. Length 0 will return an empty array. null will throw an exception.

Returns:

The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - If the legal characters (including '=') isn't divideable by 4. (I.e. definitely corrupted).

decodeFast

public static byte[] decodeFast(byte[] sArr)

Decodes a BASE64 encoded byte array that is known to be reasonably well formatted. The method is about twice as fast as decode(byte[]). The preconditions are:
+ The array must have a line length of 76 chars OR no line separators at all (one line).
+ Line separator must be "\r\n", as specified in RFC 2045 + The array may not contain illegal characters within the encoded string
+ The array CAN have illegal characters at the beginning and end, those will be dealt with appropriately.

Parameters:

sArr - The source array. Length 0 will return an empty array. null will throw an exception.

Returns:

The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0.

encodeToString

public static String encodeToString(byte[] sArr)

The same as encodeToString(byte[], false).

Parameters:

sArr - The bytes to convert. If null or length 0 an empty array will be returned.

Returns:

A BASE64 encoded array without line separator. Never null.

encodeToString

public static String encodeToString(byte[] sArr,
                                    boolean lineSep)

Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 String representation i accordance with RFC 2045.

Parameters:

sArr - The bytes to convert. If null or length 0 an empty array will be returned.

lineSep - Optional "\r\n" after 76 characters, unless end of file.
No line separator will be in breach of RFC 2045 which specifies max 76 per line but will be a little faster.

Returns:

A BASE64 encoded array. Never null.

decode

public static byte[] decode(String str)

Decodes a BASE64 encoded String. All illegal characters will be ignored and can handle both strings with and without line separators.
Note! It can be up to about 2x the speed to call decode(str.toCharArray()) instead. That will create a temporary array though. This version will use str.charAt(i) to iterate the string.

Parameters:

str - The source string. null or length 0 will return an empty array.

Returns:

The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - If the legal characters (including '=') isn't divideable by 4. (I.e. definitely corrupted).

decodeFast

public static byte[] decodeFast(String s)

Decodes a BASE64 encoded string that is known to be resonably well formatted. The method is about twice as fast as decode(String). The preconditions are:
+ The array must have a line length of 76 chars OR no line separators at all (one line).
+ Line separator must be "\r\n", as specified in RFC 2045 + The array may not contain illegal characters within the encoded string
+ The array CAN have illegal characters at the beginning and end, those will be dealt with appropriately.

Parameters:

s - The source string. Length 0 will return an empty array. null will throw an exception.

Returns:

The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0.